英文前綴后綴總結(jié)?1、動(dòng)詞后綴:-ate,-en, -(i)fy, -ish, -ize/ise。2、副詞后綴:-ly,-ward(s), -way(s)。3、形容詞后綴:-able/ible,-al/ial,-full, -ic, -ish, -ive, -ly。4、那么,英文前綴后綴總結(jié)?一起來(lái)了解一下吧。
單詞中位于詞根前面的部分就是前綴。前綴,可以改變單詞的意思。常見(jiàn)的前綴有如下幾類:第一類:表示正負(fù)(或增減)的,如:un- in- im- il- ir- non- mis- mal- dis- anti- de- under- re- over-等;第二類表示尺寸的,如:semi- equi- mini- micro- macro- mega-等;第三類表示位置關(guān)系,如:inter- super- trans- ex- extra- sub- infra- peri-等;第四類表示時(shí)間和次序,如:ante- pre- prime- post- retro-等;第五類表示數(shù)字,如:semi- mono- bi- tri- quad- penta- hex- sept(em)- oct- dec- multi- 等;其它類別,如:pro- auto- co- con-等。只要掌握前綴,詞根和后綴在構(gòu)詞法中的用法,背單詞可起到事半功倍的作用。
一、常見(jiàn)英語(yǔ)前綴
1、a-在??之上‖aboardprep.在(船、飛機(jī)、車)上。
2、ab-, abs-離開,偏離‖abnormala.反常的。
3、anti-先‖anticipatevt.預(yù)期。
4、ac-, ad-, af-, ag-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-表加強(qiáng)意‖accusevt.指控。
5、bene-好‖beneficiala.有益的。
6、bio-生命‖biologyn.生物學(xué)。
7、cata-向下‖catalog(ue)n.目錄。
8、col-, com-, con-, co-, cor-共同,一起‖combatn.戰(zhàn)斗。
9、contra-相反‖contrastv.對(duì)比,對(duì)照。
10、de-離;加強(qiáng)詞意‖departvi.離開;背離。
二、常見(jiàn)英語(yǔ)后綴
1、動(dòng)詞后綴:-ate,-en, -(i)fy, -ish, -ize/ise。
2、副詞后綴:-ly,-ward(s), -way(s)。
3、形容詞后綴:-able/ible,-al/ial,-full, -ic, -ish, -ive, -ly。
4、表示“人”的名詞后綴:-ist,-man, -er/or, -ee, -ant。
一、 英語(yǔ)單詞常見(jiàn)詞根總結(jié)
ag,act 做,驅(qū)動(dòng) agent代理人 active活動(dòng)的,積極的
agr 農(nóng)田 agriculture農(nóng)業(yè) agrarian田地的
am 愛(ài),親愛(ài) amicable友善的 amiable和藹可親的
anim 心靈,精神,生命 animal動(dòng)物 animate有生命的
ann,enn 年 annual一年的 centennial一世紀(jì)的
astro 星 astronomy天文學(xué) astronaut宇宙航行員
audi 聽 audience聽眾 audible聽得見(jiàn)的
bell 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng) rebellion反叛,反抗 bellicose好戰(zhàn)的
bio 生命,生物 biology生物學(xué) antibiotic抗生的,抗生素
brev 短 brevity 簡(jiǎn)短 abbreviate縮短,節(jié)略
cred 相信 credibility可信 credit信任
cur,cours 跑 ccurrence出現(xiàn),發(fā)生 current流通的
cycl 圓,環(huán) bicycle自行車 cyclone旋風(fēng)
di 日 diary日記 diarist記日記者
dict 說(shuō) predict預(yù)言 indicate表示
duc,duct 引導(dǎo) conduct指導(dǎo) induce引誘
ed 吃 edible可吃的 edacity貪吃
fact 做,制 factory工廠 manufacture制造,加工
fer 帶,拿 transfer轉(zhuǎn)移 ferry渡船
flu 流 fluent流利的 influenza流行性感冒
form 形式,外形 transform改變 formula公式
fract,frag破,折 fraction碎片 fragile易碎的
fus 傾,注,溶化 fusion熔解 effuse瀉出
gen 起源 generate使產(chǎn)生 genetic遺傳的
geo 地球,土地 geography地理 geology地質(zhì)學(xué)
grad 步,走,級(jí) gradual逐步的 graduate畢業(yè)
gram 寫,記錄 diagram圖表 program節(jié)目單,方案
graph 寫,畫,記錄 photograph照像 autograph親筆,手稿
gress 行走 progress進(jìn)步 retrogress后退
hap 機(jī)會(huì),運(yùn)氣,偶發(fā) happen發(fā)生 mishap災(zāi)禍
hospit 客人 hospital醫(yī)院 hospitable好客的,殷勤的
insul 島 peninsula半島 insulation隔絕,孤立
hydra 水 hydraulic水利的 hydrant消防栓
ject 投,擲,拋 eject射出 project投射
junct 連接,結(jié)合 conjunction連接詞 adjunct附屬物
lect,leg,lig 挑選,采集 lect 選舉 selection選舉 eligible合格的,合適的
lev 舉,升 elevator電梯 lever杠桿
liber 自由 liberate解放 liberalist自由主義的
lingu 語(yǔ)言 linguist語(yǔ)言學(xué)家 bilingual兩種語(yǔ)言的
liter 文字,字母 literate識(shí)字的 literature文學(xué)
loc 地方 local當(dāng)?shù)氐?locate使座落于
log 詞,語(yǔ)言,講演 dialogue對(duì)話 logic邏輯
loqu 說(shuō)話 eloquent雄辯的 colloquial口語(yǔ)的,會(huì)話的
manu 手 manuscript手稿 manual手的,用手的
medi 中間 medium中等的 mediation居中調(diào)解
memor 記憶,記住的 memory記憶 memorial紀(jì)念日,紀(jì)念物
milit 兵 military軍事的 militant戰(zhàn)斗性的
min 少,小 inority少數(shù) diminish減少,減小
mob,mot,mov 移動(dòng) mobile活動(dòng)的 motion運(yùn)動(dòng) immovable不可移動(dòng)的
mort 死亡 mortal終有一死的 mortician承辦殯葬的人
nov 新 novel novelty新奇
numer 數(shù) numeral數(shù)字的 numerous為數(shù)眾多的
oper 工作 operate操作 co?operate合作
opt 視線,光線 optic視力的 optics光學(xué)
path 感情,苦楚,疾病 sympathy同情 pathetic可憐的
pel 推,逐,驅(qū) expel驅(qū)逐 repel擊退,反擊,抵抗
pend,pen 懸掛 depend依靠 pendent懸空的
phon 聲音 microphone擴(kuò)音器 telephone電話
plen 滿,全 plenty充足,大量 plentitude豐富,充足
pon,pos 放置 postpone推遲 position位置
sens,sent 感覺(jué) sensation感覺(jué) sentiment感情
sol 太陽(yáng) solar太陽(yáng)的 parasol陽(yáng)傘
spec 看 spectacle光景,景象 prospect展望
spir 呼吸,生命 conspire共謀 inspire吸氣,鼓舞
tact,tang,tag 接觸 intact未接觸的 tangible可接觸的
tail 切,割 tailor裁縫 retail零售
tain,ten,tin 保持,握,容納 contain容納 obtain取得,sustain支持
tect 掩,蓋 detect偵察 發(fā)覺(jué),detective偵探的
tele 遠(yuǎn) telescope望遠(yuǎn)鏡 telegram電報(bào)
tend,tens,tent 伸 extend伸開,擴(kuò)展 extensive廣闊的
二、高中英語(yǔ)常用的前綴和后綴
1、常用前綴
aero-:concerning the air of aircraft
plane—aeroplane
space—aerospace
anti-:against;opposite of
nuclear—antinuclear
matter—antimatter
war—antiwar
auto-:of or by oneself
biography—autobiography
criticism—autocriticism
be-:to treat as the stated thing
friend—befriend
little—belittle
bi-:two;twice;double
lingual—bilingual
cycle—bicycle
bio-:concerning living things
chemistry—biochemistry
sphere—biosphere
by-,bye-:less important
produce—by-produce
way—byway
centi-:hundredth part
grade—centigrade
meter—centimeter
co-:together,with
author—coauthor
exist—coexist
col-:( used before l ) together,with
location—collocation
com-:( used before b,m,p ) together,with
passion—compassion
con-:together,with
centric—concentric
federation—confederation
contra-:opposite
diction—contradiction
natural—contranatural
cor-:( used before r ) together,with
relate—correlate
respond—correspond
counter-:opposite
act—counteract
attack—counterattack
cross-:across;going between the stated things and joining them
country—crosscountry
breed—crossbreed
de-:showing an opposite;to remove;to reduce
code—decode
value—devalue
dis-:not;the opposite of
advantage—disadvantage
agree—disagree
honest—dishonest
em-:( used before b,m,p ) to cause to become
body—embody
power—empower
en-:to cause to become;to make
danger—endanger
large—enlarge
ex-:former ( and still living )
minister—ex-minister
wife—ex-wife
extra-:outside;beyond
curricular—extracurricular
ordinary—extraordinary
fore-:in advance,before;in or at the front
arm—forearm
warn—forewarn
il-:( used before l ) not
legal—illegal
literate—illiterate
im-:( used before b,m,p ) not
moral—immoral
possible—impossible
in-:not
direct—indirect
sensitive—insensitive
infra-:below in a range;beyond
red—infrared
structure——infrastructure
inter-:between;among
change——interchange
national——international
intra-:inside,within;into
city——intracity
department——intra-department
ir-:(used before r)not
regular——irregular
responsible——irresponsible
kilo-:thousand
gram——kilogram
meter——kilometer
macro-:large,esp. concerning a whole system rather than
particular parts of
economics——macroeconomics
structure——macrostructure
mal-:bad or badly
function——malfunction
treat——maltreat
micro-:extremely small
computer——microcomputer
electronics——microelectronics
mid-:middle
day——midday
night——midnight
mini-:small;short
bus——minibus
skirt——miniskirt
mis-:bad or badly;wrong or wrongly
fortune——misfortune
understand——misunderstand
mono-:one;single
plane——monoplane
tone——monotone
multi-:more than one;many
purpose——multipurpose
national——multinational
non-:not
resident——non(-)resident
sense——nonsense
out-:outside;beyond
live——outlive
door——outdoor
over-:too much;above;additional
head——overhead
time——overtime
poly-:many
centric——polycentric
syllabic——polysyllabic
post-:later than;after
graduate——postgraduate
war——postwar
pre-:before;in advance
pay——prepay
war——prewar
pro-:in favor of,supporting
America——pro-America
abortion——pro-abortion
pseudo-:not real;false
name——pseudonym
science——pseudoscience
re-:again;back to the former state
unite——reunite
use——reuse
self-:by means of oneself or itself;of,to,with,for,or in
oneself or itself
employed——self-employed
taught——self-taught
semi-:half;partly
circle——semicircle
final——semifinal
step-:not by birth but through a parent who has remarried
mother——stepmother
children——stepchildren
sub-:under,below;less important;part of the stated bigger
whole
divide——subdivide
section——subsection
super-:more,larger,greater than usual
market——supermarket
natural——supernatural
tele-:at or over a long distance;by or for television
communication——telecommunication
screen——telescreen
therm(o)-:concerning heat
chemistry——thermochemistry
meter——thermometer
trans-: across, on or to the other side of ; between
Atlantic—transatlantic
plant—transplant
tri-: three; three times
angular—triangular
cycle—tricycle
ultra-: beyond; very, extremely
modern—ultramodern
sound—ultrasound
un-: not
certain—uncertain
fortunate—unfortunate
under-: too little; below
develop—underdevelop
sea—undersea
uni-: one, singer
form—uniform
directional—unidirectional
vice-: next in the rank; below
chairman—vice-chairman
president—vice-president
2.常用后綴
(1)名詞后綴
-ability,-ibility
able—ability
flexible—flexibility
-age
post—postage
short—shortage
-al
arrive—arrival
refuse—refusal
-an,-ian,-arian
library—librarian
music—musician
-ance,-ence
appear—appearance
refer—reference
-ancy,-ency
emerge—emergency
expect—expectancy
-ant,-ent
apply—applicant
correspond—correspondent
-cy
accurate—accuratcy
private—privacy
-dom
king—kingdom
free—freedom
-ee
employ—employee
interview—interviewee
-er,-or,-ar
paint—painter
beg—beggar
-ery
brave—bravery
slave—slavery
-ese
China—Chinaese
Japan—Japanese
-ess
actor—actress
waiter—waitress
-ful
hand—handful
spoon—spoonful
-hood
child—childhood
man—manhood
-ics
electron—electronics
linguist—linguistics
-ion,-ition,-ation
collect—collection
observe—observation
-ism
Marx—Marxism
socialist—socialism
-ist
psychiatry—psychiatrist
violin—violinist
-ity,-ty
cruel—cruelty
pure—purity
-ment
move—movement
retire——retirement
-ness
dark——darkness
happy——happiness
-ology
climate——climatology
future——futurology
-ship
friend——friendship
scholar——scholarship
-sion,-ssion
decide——decision
expand——expansion
-th
grow——growth
wide——width
-ure
close——closure
expose——exposure
(2)動(dòng)詞前綴
-en
deep——deepen
fast——fasten
-ify
class——classify
simple——simplify
-ize,-ise
modern——modernize / modernize
popular——popularize / popularize
(3)形容詞后綴
-able,-ible
suit——suitable
question——questionable
-al
nature——natural
structure——structural
-an,-arian,-ian
suburb——suburban
Canada——Canadian
-ant,-ent
differ——different
please——pleasant
-ary,-ory
advise——advisory
custom——customary
-ate
consider——considerate
fortune——fortunate
-en
gold——golden
wood——wooden
-ese
China——Chinese
Japan——Japanese
-free
care——carefree
duty——duty-free
-ful
care——careful
pain——painful
-ic,-ical
atom——atomic
psychology——psychological
-ish
girl——girlish
child——childish
-ive
create——creative
support——supportive
-less
hope——hopeless
pain——painless
-like
child——childlike
lady——ladylike
-ly
man——manly
month——monthly
-ous,-ious
danger——dangerous
poison——poisonous
-some
tire——tiresome
trouble——troublesome
-ward
down——downward
up——upward
-y
guilt-guilty
noise-noisy
(4)副詞后綴
-ly
easy-easily
heavy-heavily
-ward,-wards
east-eastward(s)
north-northward(s)
-wise
clock-clockwise
other-othewise
(很辛苦的,你可要多多加分啊)
一.常見(jiàn)的前綴
1.表示否定意義的前綴
1)純否定前綴
a-, an-, asymmetry(不對(duì)稱)anhydrous(無(wú)水的)
dis- dishonest, dislike
in-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular
ne-, n-, none, neither, never
non-, nonsense
neg-, neglect
un- unable, unemployment
2)表示錯(cuò)誤的意義
male-, mal-, malfunction, maladjustment(失調(diào))
mis-, mistake, mislead
pseudo-, pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience
3)表示反動(dòng)作的意思
de-, defend, demodulation(解調(diào))
dis-, disarm, disconnect
un-, unload, uncover
4)表示相反,相互對(duì)立意思
anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antforeign,(排外的)
contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction, countercurrent (逆流)
counter-, counterreaction, counterbalance
ob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupy
with-, withdraw, withstand
2. 表示空間位置,方向關(guān)系的前綴
1)a- 表示“在……之上”,“向……”
aboard, aside,
2)by- 表示“附近,鄰近,邊側(cè)”
bypath, bypass(彎路)
3)circum-, circu-, 表示“周圍,環(huán)繞,回轉(zhuǎn)”
circumstance, circuit
4)de-, 表示“在下,向下”
descend, degrade
5)en-, 表示“在內(nèi),進(jìn)入”
encage, enbed(上床)
6)ex-, ec-, es-, 表示“外部,外”
exit, eclipse, expand, export
7)extra-, 表示“額外”
extraction (提取)
8)fore- 表示“在前面”
forehead, foreground
9)in-, il-, im-, ir-, 表示“向內(nèi),在內(nèi),背于”
inland, invade, inside, import
10)inter-, intel-, 表示“在……間,相互”
international, interaction, internet
11)intro-, 表示“向內(nèi),在內(nèi),內(nèi)側(cè)”
introduce, introduce
12)medi-, med-, mid-, 表示“中,中間”
Mediterranean, midposition
13)out-, 表示“在上面,在外部,在外”
outline, outside, outward
14)over-, 表示“在上面,在外部,向上”
overlook, overhead, overboard
15)post-, 表示"向后,在后邊,次”
postscript(附言),
16)pre-, 表示"在前”在前面”
prefix, preface, preposition
17)pro-, 表示“在前,向前”
progress, proceed,
18)sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, 表示“在下面,下”
subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement
19)super-, sur-, 表示“在…..之上”
superficial, surface, superstructure
20)trans-, 表示“移上,轉(zhuǎn)上,在那一邊”
translate, transform, transoceanic
21)under-, 表示“在…..下面,下的”
underline, underground, underwater
22)up-, 表示“向上,向上面,在上”
upward, uphold, uphill(上坡)
3. 表示時(shí)間,序列關(guān)系的前綴
1)ante-, anti-, 表示“先前,早于,預(yù)先”
antecedent, anticipate,
2)ex-, 表示“先,故,舊”
expresident, exhusband
3)fore-, 表示“在前面,先前,前面”
foreward, dorecast, foretell(預(yù)言)
4)mid-, medi-, 表示“中,中間”
midnight, midsummer
5)post-"表示“在后,后”
postwar,
6)pre-, pri-, 表示“在前,事先,預(yù)先”
preheat, prewar, prehistory
7)pro-, 表示“在前,先,前”
prologue(序幕),prophet(預(yù)言家)
8)re-, 表示“再一次,重新”
retell, rewrite
4. 表示比較程度差別關(guān)系的前綴
1)by-, 表示“副,次要的”
byproduct, bywork(副業(yè))
2)extra-,表示“超越,額外”
extraordinary,
3)hyper- 表示“超過(guò),極度”
hypersonic(超聲波), hypertesion(高血壓)
4)out-,表示“超過(guò),過(guò)分”
outdo(超過(guò)), outbid(出價(jià)過(guò)高的人)
5)over-,表示“超過(guò),過(guò)度,太”
overeat, overdress, oversleep
6) sub-, suc-, sur-, 表示“低,次,副,亞”
subeditor, subordinate, subtropical(亞熱帶)
7)super-, sur- 表示“超過(guò)”
supernature, superpower, surplus, surpass
8)under-,表示“低劣,低下”
undersize, undergrown, underproduction(生產(chǎn)不足)
9)vice- 表示“副,次”
vicepresident, vicechairman
5. 表示共同,相等意思的前綴
1)com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co- 表示“共同,一起”。
前后綴是英語(yǔ)里面重要的構(gòu)詞法,下面是一些后綴:
1.-ster,-eer,-er(or)意為:從事某種職業(yè)或參與某種活動(dòng)的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例詞:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor
2.-let意為:小或者不重要的東西(small,unimportant things)例詞:booklet,leaflet,starlet
3.-ette意為:1)小的東西(small)例詞:cigarette 2)假的東西(imitation)例詞:leatherette 3)女性(female)例詞: usherette
4.-ess意為:女性(female)例詞:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress
5.-hood意為:時(shí)期(status;etc.)例詞:boyhood,childhood,manhood
6.-ship意為:才能,狀態(tài),資格,品質(zhì)等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例詞:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship
7.-ful意為:量(the amount which noun contains)例詞:cupful,handful, mouthful,spoonful
8.-tion,-ion意為:1)狀態(tài),行動(dòng)等(state;action;etc.)例詞:action,oppression,possession,education,starva- tion 2)機(jī)構(gòu)等(institution;etc.)例詞: organization,foundation
9.-ment意為:狀態(tài),行動(dòng)等(state; action;etc.)例詞:movement,enslavement,pavement
10.-al意為:動(dòng)作(action)例詞:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal
11.-age意為:程度,數(shù)量等(extent; amount;etc.)例詞:wastage,coverage, acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage
12.-ness;-ity(ty)意為:狀態(tài),品質(zhì)(state;quality;etc.)例詞:happiness, usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability
13.-ism意為:道義,主義,學(xué)說(shuō)等(doctrine of,practice of)例詞:idealism, impressionism,absenteeism,racism
二、動(dòng)詞后綴
常見(jiàn)的此類后綴及其具體含義如下:
1.-ify意為:轉(zhuǎn)為,變?yōu)椋╰o turn into,to make or become)例詞:beautify, diversify,simplify
2.-ize;-en意為:使……,變得……(to make or become ;to make into)例詞:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten
3.-ate意為:增加,使……(give or add,make or become)例詞:originate, hydrogenate,validate,differentiate
三、形容詞后綴:
常見(jiàn)的此類后綴及其具體含義如下:
1.-ful意為:充滿,有(full of;hav- ing;giving;etc.)例詞:useful,pitiful, hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful, fearful
2.-less意為:沒(méi)有,無(wú)(without;not giving)例詞:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless
3.-ly意為:有……品質(zhì)的(having the qualities of)例詞:beastly,manly, brotherly,friendly
4.-like意為:像……的(like)例詞: childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like
5.-y;-ish意為:像……一般的(somewhat like)例詞:meaty,sandy, silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish
6.-some意為:像……一樣的;引起……的;有……品質(zhì)的(like;causing; having the quality of)例詞:troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome
7.-able(ible)意為:能……的;可以……的(able to be ;capable)例詞: changeable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible
8.-ed意為:有……的(having,etc.)例詞:wooded,pointed,moneyed, odd-shaped
9.-al意為:有……屬性的,……類型的(nature of,typical of)例詞:cultural,personal,regional,musical
10.-ary(ory)意為:屬于……的,與……相連的(belonging to;connected with)例詞:revolutionary,imaginary, contradictory
11.-ous意為:富含……的;有……品質(zhì)的;像……的(full of;having the quality of;like)例詞:glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious
12.-ic(ical)意為:……類的;屬于……的(typical of;belonging to)例詞: historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic
13.-ive意為:有……屬性的;有某種傾向的(having the nature or quality of;given or tending to)例詞:attractive, talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive
以上就是英文前綴后綴總結(jié)的全部?jī)?nèi)容,1、動(dòng)詞后綴:-ate,-en, -(i)fy, -ish, -ize/ise 2、副詞后綴:-ly,-ward(s), -way(s)3、形容詞后綴:-able/ible,-al/ial,-full, -ic, -ish, -ive, -ly 4、名詞后綴:-ability,-acity,-ain。